Techniki rysowania

[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
//-->C3BF5B70-8CC4-4870-976C-617F626F3B6FC3BF5B70-8CC4-4870-976C-617F626F3B6FArcturus Publishing Ltd26/27 Bickels Yard151–153 Bermondsey StreetLondon SE1 3HAPublished in association withfoulshamW. Foulsham & Co. Ltd,The Publishing House, Bennetts Close, Cippenham,Slough, Berkshire SL1 5AP, EnglandISBN 0-572-02916-0British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data:a catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryCopyright © 2003 Arcturus PublishingAll rights reservedThe Copyright Act prohibits (subject to certain very limited exceptions)the making of copies of any copyright work or of a substantial part ofsuch a work, including the making of copies by photocopying or similarprocess. Written permission to make a copy or copies must thereforenormally be obtained from the publisher in advance. It is advisable alsoto consult the publisher if in any doubt as to the legality of any copyingwhich is to be undertaken.Jacket design by Alex IngrPrinted in IndiaC3BF5B70-8CC4-4870-976C-617F626F3B6FContentsINTRODUCTIONPart OneTHE PENCIL6200 Years OfKnow-How1. Introduction2. Materials and Examples of Marks3. Ways of Holding the Pencil5. Pencil Projects9102230NPart TwoCHARCOAL1. Introduction2. Materials and Examples of Marks3. Ways of Holding the Charcoal4. Other Forms of Charcoal5. Charcoal Projects6. Compressed Charcoal Projects7. Willow Charcoal Projects808498100104120140Part ThreePENS, INKS, BRUSHES and PAPER1. Introduction2. Materials3. Examples of Marks and Projects155156165CONCLUSION207icolas-Jacques Conté was born at Sées(Normandy) in 1755. He rapidly becameenthusiastic about painting and at 20 years ofage went to study in Paris, where he wouldpaint portraits of the French royal familyamong other works. He was very close to themajor scientists of his day and met theMontgolfier brothers, inventors of the hot-air balloon in 1783, when he carried outexperiments on the hot-air balloons, since hewas still divided between painting and thesciences.The French Revolution forced him tochange his profession in 1789. He thusbecame a talented inventor in many fields.He conducted varied research activities,some of which concerned crayons and blacklead. Indeed, genuine crayons becamescarce. Being a painter lacking the vital pro-fessional tools, Conté found this situationunacceptable.In 1794, Conté invented the lead pencil,also known as the graphite pencil. The Contécompany profited from this invention andwas able to develop an exceptional industrialknow-how in the field of drawing, writingand pastel.In January 1795 he submitted the patentno.32 and set up a pencil factory. A self edu-cated painter, chemist, physician, hot-airballoon pilot and inventor, Nicolas-JacquesConté passed away in Paris in 1805.Today, the pioneering spirit of Nicolas-Jacques remains within the Conté À Pariscompany. Their products for sketching anddrawing are renowned for quality by artistsaround the world.C3BF5B70-8CC4-4870-976C-617F626F3B6FIntroductionDrawing, just like writing or speech, is a formof communication, and in the same way asthese other forms of communication drawingcan be multi-faceted, and very diverse as ameans of expression of our observations,thoughts and feelings. Across the broad fieldof art and design, artists and designers willuse drawing as a specific tool for visualcommunication, and at the same time use awide spectrum of drawing techniques toexpress, develop, and present their ideas andwork to the viewer for what ever reason.Therefore, it is impossible to make adrawing unless the artist has a clearunderstanding of the type of drawing that isto be created, and the visual language that isto be used which will give form andexpressive dynamics to the drawing. This isoften forgotten or misunderstood by mostteachers of drawing.FIRST ENCOUNTERS WITH DRAWINGknown as a metaphor. Instead of chasing theidea of truth, what we should be doing isembracing the medium of drawing and usingit for a purpose that fulfils our needs as anartist or designer. Let me now explain how wecan break down our understanding and usedrawing to facilitate our needs. As I have saidbefore there are many reasons for us to wantto draw, and there are many techniques andattitudes for us to adopt that will serve ourpurpose with the medium of our choice.What follows is a list of the reasons for us asstudents or beginners to make drawings.When using this book you should firstidentify the reason why you wish or need todo the type of drawing you are going to do,and then turn to the appropriate chapter inthe book. That will give you the technique forthe medium, and the knowledge you need tomake the drawing.REASONS FOR DRAWING1/ First ThoughtsUsually our first encounter with drawing is totry to copy something from observation; thiscould take the form of a portrait, still life, or alandscape. When we’re children we draw ourobservations from memory, and when webecome more life experienced, we tend todraw direct from observation. This isnormally when we encounter our firstproblems with the art of drawing, as we havefixed in our minds that to be successful withthis skill our rendition of what we see must benothing less than perfect. Usually thesestudents of drawing that have this particularapproach, those who seem to be chasing avisual truth through drawing, end upfrustrated and feel a sense of failure. Wecannot reproduce reality, we can only make amark or a statement that acts for that reality,or a mark or a statement that best suits ourpurpose to describe that reality, and this isC3BF5B70-8CC4-4870-976C-617F626F3B6FOne of the many approaches to drawing is touse it as a tool to record our first thoughts.These usually take the form of sketches anddrawings that have immediacy to them. Theyare usually spontaneous and inspirational asone is drawing one’s thinking process as ithappens. This process can initiate new ideas.This procedure is usually done in sketch-books or on scrap pieces of paper, and theyare usually presented as sheets of ideas.These types of drawings are then kept anddeveloped into something more substantialas a statement in the future when ourthoughts on the subject are collected anddeveloped into a finished idea. Many artistsfrom different disciplines have used thisprocess of working and thinking throughdrawing as a way of developing their initialideas. They range from Michelangelo,6 [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]